每年都会在医院中获得数百万个大脑MRI扫描，这比任何研究数据集的规模都要大得多。因此，分析此类扫描的能力可以改变神经成像研究。然而，由于没有自动化算法可以应对临床采集的高度可变性（MR对比度，分辨率，方向等），因此它们的潜力仍未开发。在这里，我们提出了Synthseg+，这是一个AI分割套件，首次可以对异质临床数据集进行强有力的分析。具体而言，除了全脑分割外，SynthSeg+还执行皮质细胞，颅内体积估计和自动检测故障分割（主要是由质量非常低的扫描引起的）。我们在七个实验中证明了合成++，包括对14,000张扫描的老化研究，在该研究中，它准确地复制了在质量更高的数据上观察到的萎缩模式。 Synthseg+公开发布是一种现成的工具，可在广泛设置中解锁定量形态计量学的潜力。

与痴呆症相关的认知障碍（CI）在全球范围内影响超过5500万人，并且每3秒钟以一个新病例的速度迅速增长。随着临床试验反复出现的失败，早期诊断至关重要，但是在低水平和中等收入国家中，全球75％的痴呆症病例未被诊断为90％。众所周知，当前的诊断方法是复杂的，涉及对医学笔记，大量认知测试，昂贵的脑部扫描或脊柱液体测试的手动审查。与CI相关的信息经常在电子健康记录（EHR）中找到，并且可以为早期诊断提供重要线索，但是专家的手动审查是繁琐的，并且容易发生。该项目开发了一种新型的最新自动筛选管道，用于可扩展和高速发现EHR中的CI。为了了解EHR中复杂语言结构的语言环境，构建了一个8,656个序列的数据库，以训练基于注意力的深度学习自然语言处理模型以对序列进行分类。使用序列级别分类器开发了基于逻辑回归的患者级别预测模型。深度学习系统的精度达到了93％，AUC = 0.98，以识别其EHR中没有较早诊断，与痴呆有关的诊断代码或与痴呆有关的药物的患者。否则，这些患者将未被发现或检测到太晚。 EHR筛选管道已部署在Neurahealthnlp中，这是一种用于自动化和实时CI筛选的Web应用程序，只需将EHR上传到浏览器中即可。 Neurahealthnlp更便宜，更快，更容易获得，并且胜过当前的临床方法，包括基于文本的分析和机器学习方法。它使得早期诊断可在稀缺的医疗服务中可行，但可访问的互联网或蜂窝服务。

痴呆症是一种神经退行性疾病，导致认知下降，并影响全世界超过5000万人。痴呆症是由医疗保健专业人士诊断的 - 只有患有痴呆症的四个人中只有一名诊断出来。即使制造诊断，也可能无法作为患者图表中的疾病（ICD）诊断码的结构化国际分类。与认知障碍（CI）有关的信息通常在电子健康记录（EHR）中发现，但专家临床医生票据的手工审查既耗时，往往容易出错。本票据的自动化挖掘为在EHR数据中标记有认知障碍患者的机会。我们开发了自然语言处理（NLP）工具，以识别具有认知障碍的患者，并证明语言背景提高了认知障碍分类任务的性能。我们微调我们的注意力深入学习模型，可以从复杂的语言结构中学习，并且相对于基线NLP模型的精度（0.93）大大提高（0.84）。此外，我们表明深度学习NLP可以成功识别没有痴呆相关的ICD代码或药物的痴呆症患者。

Machine Translation (MT) system generally aims at automatic representation of source language into target language retaining the originality of context using various Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Among various NLP methods, Statistical Machine Translation(SMT). SMT uses probabilistic and statistical techniques to analyze information and conversion. This paper canvasses about the development of bilingual SMT models for translating English to fifteen low-resource Indian Languages (ILs) and vice versa. At the outset, all 15 languages are briefed with a short description related to our experimental need. Further, a detailed analysis of Samanantar and OPUS dataset for model building, along with standard benchmark dataset (Flores-200) for fine-tuning and testing, is done as a part of our experiment. Different preprocessing approaches are proposed in this paper to handle the noise of the dataset. To create the system, MOSES open-source SMT toolkit is explored. Distance reordering is utilized with the aim to understand the rules of grammar and context-dependent adjustments through a phrase reordering categorization framework. In our experiment, the quality of the translation is evaluated using standard metrics such as BLEU, METEOR, and RIBES

The devastation caused by the coronavirus pandemic makes it imperative to design automated techniques for a fast and accurate detection. We propose a novel non-invasive tool, using deep learning and imaging, for delineating COVID-19 infection in lungs. The Ensembling Attention-based Multi-scaled Convolution network (EAMC), employing Leave-One-Patient-Out (LOPO) training, exhibits high sensitivity and precision in outlining infected regions along with assessment of severity. The Attention module combines contextual with local information, at multiple scales, for accurate segmentation. Ensemble learning integrates heterogeneity of decision through different base classifiers. The superiority of EAMC, even with severe class imbalance, is established through comparison with existing state-of-the-art learning models over four publicly-available COVID-19 datasets. The results are suggestive of the relevance of deep learning in providing assistive intelligence to medical practitioners, when they are overburdened with patients as in pandemics. Its clinical significance lies in its unprecedented scope in providing low-cost decision-making for patients lacking specialized healthcare at remote locations.

Neural Architecture Search (NAS) is an automatic technique that can search for well-performed architectures for a specific task. Although NAS surpasses human-designed architecture in many fields, the high computational cost of architecture evaluation it requires hinders its development. A feasible solution is to directly evaluate some metrics in the initial stage of the architecture without any training. NAS without training (WOT) score is such a metric, which estimates the final trained accuracy of the architecture through the ability to distinguish different inputs in the activation layer. However, WOT score is not an atomic metric, meaning that it does not represent a fundamental indicator of the architecture. The contributions of this paper are in three folds. First, we decouple WOT into two atomic metrics which represent the distinguishing ability of the network and the number of activation units, and explore better combination rules named (Distinguishing Activation Score) DAS. We prove the correctness of decoupling theoretically and confirmed the effectiveness of the rules experimentally. Second, in order to improve the prediction accuracy of DAS to meet practical search requirements, we propose a fast training strategy. When DAS is used in combination with the fast training strategy, it yields more improvements. Third, we propose a dataset called Darts-training-bench (DTB), which fills the gap that no training states of architecture in existing datasets. Our proposed method has 1.04$\times$ - 1.56$\times$ improvements on NAS-Bench-101, Network Design Spaces, and the proposed DTB.

Deep learning-based object detection is a powerful approach for detecting faulty insulators in power lines. This involves training an object detection model from scratch, or fine tuning a model that is pre-trained on benchmark computer vision datasets. This approach works well with a large number of insulator images, but can result in unreliable models in the low data regime. The current literature mainly focuses on detecting the presence or absence of insulator caps, which is a relatively easy detection task, and does not consider detection of finer faults such as flashed and broken disks. In this article, we formulate three object detection tasks for insulator and asset inspection from aerial images, focusing on incipient faults in disks. We curate a large reference dataset of insulator images that can be used to learn robust features for detecting healthy and faulty insulators. We study the advantage of using this dataset in the low target data regime by pre-training on the reference dataset followed by fine-tuning on the target dataset. The results suggest that object detection models can be used to detect faults in insulators at a much incipient stage, and that transfer learning adds value depending on the type of object detection model. We identify key factors that dictate performance in the low data-regime and outline potential approaches to improve the state-of-the-art.

Online Social Networks have embarked on the importance of connection strength measures which has a broad array of applications such as, analyzing diffusion behaviors, community detection, link predictions, recommender systems. Though there are some existing connection strength measures, the density that a connection shares with it's neighbors and the directionality aspect has not received much attention. In this paper, we have proposed an asymmetric edge similarity measure namely, Neighborhood Density-based Edge Similarity (NDES) which provides a fundamental support to derive the strength of connection. The time complexity of NDES is $O(nk^2)$. An application of NDES for community detection in social network is shown. We have considered a similarity based community detection technique and substituted its similarity measure with NDES. The performance of NDES is evaluated on several small real-world datasets in terms of the effectiveness in detecting communities and compared with three widely used similarity measures. Empirical results show NDES enables detecting comparatively better communities both in terms of accuracy and quality.

Community detection in Social Networks is associated with finding and grouping the most similar nodes inherent in the network. These similar nodes are identified by computing tie strength. Stronger ties indicates higher proximity shared by connected node pairs. This work is motivated by Granovetter's argument that suggests that strong ties lies within densely connected nodes and the theory that community cores in real-world networks are densely connected. In this paper, we have introduced a novel method called \emph{Disjoint Community detection using Cascades (DCC)} which demonstrates the effectiveness of a new local density based tie strength measure on detecting communities. Here, tie strength is utilized to decide the paths followed for propagating information. The idea is to crawl through the tuple information of cascades towards the community core guided by increasing tie strength. Considering the cascade generation step, a novel preferential membership method has been developed to assign community labels to unassigned nodes. The efficacy of $DCC$ has been analyzed based on quality and accuracy on several real-world datasets and baseline community detection algorithms.

Information diffusion in Online Social Networks is a new and crucial problem in social network analysis field and requires significant research attention. Efficient diffusion of information are of critical importance in diverse situations such as; pandemic prevention, advertising, marketing etc. Although several mathematical models have been developed till date, but previous works lacked systematic analysis and exploration of the influence of neighborhood for information diffusion. In this paper, we have proposed Common Neighborhood Strategy (CNS) algorithm for information diffusion that demonstrates the role of common neighborhood in information propagation throughout the network. The performance of CNS algorithm is evaluated on several real-world datasets in terms of diffusion speed and diffusion outspread and compared with several widely used information diffusion models. Empirical results show CNS algorithm enables better information diffusion both in terms of diffusion speed and diffusion outspread.